The twenty-first century, then, is not the end of ideology but its transfiguration — ideology reborn as identity. And until societies learn to balance belonging with coexistence, this new axis of conflict may prove even more enduring — and more destructive — than the ideological wars that preceded it.
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the principal fault lines of political struggle ran along the axis of ideology. Humanity divided itself into camps of belief —…
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